Explain the purpose and function of the Parthenon and reasons for its creation.
Explain the significance of the Parthenon (either in ancient Greece, today, or both).
Describe the “personal” history of the Parthenon including information regarding any structural damage, rebuilding, change in function, or preservation.
What are the specific architectural features and characteristics of the Parthenon?
Provides size and proportions.
Describe the type of materials used in structure.
Describe the layout (floor plan) and describe the interior.
Describe the major architectural features of the Parthenon (including information regarding the original statue of Athena).
The Parthenon is a temple that was built in Athens, Greece in the 5th century BC. It was dedicated to the goddess Athena, who was the patron deity of the city. The purpose of the Parthenon was to house a monumental statue of Athena made of gold and ivory, known as Athena Parthenos. The temple also served as a place for worship and offerings to the goddess.
The Parthenon is considered one of the greatest achievements of ancient Greek architecture and is a prime example of the Doric order. It was designed by the architects Ictinus and Callicrates and supervised by the sculptor Phidias. The temple is known for its perfect proportions and sophisticated architectural features, such as the use of optical refinements to correct visual distortions and create an illusion of greater size.
The Parthenon also had a historical significance as it served as a symbol of the power and wealth of Athens during the height of its empire. It was also a symbol of democracy and civic pride, as it was funded by public money and built to honor the goddess Athena, who was seen as the protector of the city.
Over the centuries, the Parthenon has suffered significant damage, including structural damage from earthquakes, fires, and wars. In the 19th century, the temple underwent restoration and conservation efforts to preserve its remaining architectural features. The original statue of Athena Parthenos has been lost, but replicas and fragments can still be seen in museums.
The Parthenon is constructed of marble from the nearby Mount Pentelicus and features a rectangular floor plan with a cella, or interior chamber, surrounded by a colonnade of Doric columns. The temple measures approximately 69.5 meters long, 30.9 meters wide, and 13.7 meters tall.
The architectural features of the Parthenon include its pediment sculptures, metopes, and friezes, which depicted various scenes from Greek mythology and history. The interior of the temple would have contained the colossal statue of Athena Parthenos, as well as offerings and treasures dedicated to the goddess.
Overall, the Parthenon remains a symbol of ancient Greek civilization and a testament to the artistic and architectural achievements of the time. Its enduring legacy as an iconic monument continues to attract visitors and scholars alike to this day.