What can disrupt the reader’s ability to understand an author’s writing

1. Complex language or jargon that may be unfamiliar to the reader

2. Poorly organized writing that lacks a clear structure or cohesion
3. Inconsistent or unclear use of pronouns or references
4. Lack of context or background information that is necessary for understanding
5. Excessive use of technical terms or specialized vocabulary without explanations
6. Overuse of passive voice or convoluted sentence structures
7. Mixing of different perspectives or tenses within the same piece of writing
8. Unfamiliar cultural references or allusions
9. Lack of transitions between ideas or paragraphs
10. Ambiguous or vague language that leaves the reader guessing about the author's intended meaning.