Types of abnormal chest movement in pediatrics in emergency conditions
1. Paradoxical chest movement: This occurs when one part of the chest moves inward while another part moves outward during breathing. It is often seen in conditions such as flail chest or upper airway obstruction.
2. Retractions: Retractions occur when the skin between the ribs and in the neck suck inward during inhalation. They are often a sign of increased work of breathing and may be seen in conditions such as asthma, pneumonia, or bronchiolitis.
3. Grunting: Grunting is a noise made during exhalation that is often a sign of increased effort to breathe. It can be seen in conditions such as respiratory distress syndrome or pneumonia.
4. Stridor: Stridor is a harsh, high-pitched sound heard during inspiration that is often a sign of upper airway obstruction. It can be seen in conditions such as croup or foreign body aspiration.
5. Tachypnea: Tachypnea is rapid breathing and can be a sign of various conditions such as pneumonia, asthma, or congestive heart failure.
6. Cheyne-Stokes respiration: Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed by periods of apnea. It can be seen in conditions such as head trauma or drug overdose.
7. Kussmaul breathing: Kussmaul breathing is deep, rapid, and labored breathing often seen in conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis or renal failure.