Explain why the gymnosperms are said to be better adapted to terrestrial life than the ferns
Gymnosperms are said to be better adapted to terrestrial life than ferns for several reasons:
1. Gymnosperms have seeds: Gymnosperms produce seeds that are protected by a cone or fruit, which allows them to disperse and germinate in diverse environments. This adaptation allows gymnosperms to reproduce more efficiently and successfully on land compared to ferns, which rely on spores for reproduction.
2. Gymnosperms have a strong vascular system: Gymnosperms have a well-developed vascular system with xylem and phloem, which allows for efficient transport of water and nutrients throughout the plant. This adaptation helps gymnosperms grow taller and reach greater heights, enabling them to compete for sunlight in dense terrestrial environments.
3. Gymnosperms have tougher tissues: Gymnosperms have evolved tough, lignified tissues that provide structural support and protection against herbivores and environmental stress. This adaptation allows gymnosperms to withstand harsh terrestrial conditions, such as fluctuating temperatures and strong winds, better than ferns, which have softer tissues.
4. Gymnosperms have adapted to dry environments: Many gymnosperms, such as conifers, are adapted to dry or cold environments and have developed adaptations like waxy needles and reduced foliage surface area to reduce water loss through transpiration. This allows gymnosperms to thrive in terrestrial habitats with limited water availability, unlike ferns, which require moisture for reproduction and growth.