Hydroelectric energy is generated by harnessing the power of flowing water to spin turbines, which then generate electricity. This is typically done by damming a river or redirecting water flow through a turbine. Geothermal energy utilizes heat from beneath the Earth's surface to create steam and power turbines, producing electricity. Geothermal heat pumps, on the other hand, use the constant temperature of the Earth just below its surface to heat and cool buildings by circulating a fluid through underground pipes. This process takes advantage of the Earth's natural heat to efficiently regulate indoor temperatures.
