Henry VIII came into conflict with the pope primarily over his desire to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Catherine, his first wife, had failed to produce a male heir and Henry wanted to marry Anne Boleyn in hopes of having a son. However, the pope refused to annul the marriage, as it went against the Catholic Church's beliefs on the sanctity of marriage. This conflict ultimately led to Henry breaking away from the Catholic Church and establishing the Church of England with himself as the supreme head, leading to the English Reformation.
