Q1:which is domain name system briefly explain flat name space and hierarchical name space with diagrams. Explain the need of DNS in the IP networks?(5pts)
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. It translates domain names, which are easy-to-remember human-readable addresses, into IP addresses, which are used by computers to communicate over a network.
Flat Name Space:
In a flat name space, all domain names exist at the same level and are not organized hierarchically. Each domain name is unique and must be globally unique to avoid conflicts. A flat name space does not have any structure or organization, making it difficult to manage and scale as the number of domain names increases. An example of a flat name space is a simple list of domain names without any hierarchy or structure.
Hierarchical Name Space:
In a hierarchical name space, domain names are organized in a tree-like structure with levels of domains separated by periods. The top-level domain (TLD) is at the root of the tree, followed by second-level domains, subdomains, and individual hostnames. Each level of the hierarchy provides a way to organize and group domain names based on their organization, geography, or purpose. An example of a hierarchical name space is "example.com" with subdomains like "mail.example.com" and "blog.example.com".
The need for DNS in IP networks:
1. Human-readable addresses: DNS provides a way to assign easy-to-remember domain names to IP addresses, making it easier for users to access resources on the Internet without having to remember complex numerical IP addresses.
2. Scalability: DNS allows for the efficient and scalable distribution of domain name resolution services across a network, enabling quick and reliable access to resources as the network grows in size.
3. Load balancing and fault tolerance: DNS can be used to distribute network traffic across multiple servers or resources, providing load balancing and fault tolerance to ensure continuous availability and reliability of services.
4. Centralized management: DNS centralizes the management of domain names and IP addresses, making it easier for network administrators to maintain and update the network's naming infrastructure.
5. Security: DNS can be used to implement security measures such as DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions) to protect against DNS-related attacks and ensure the integrity and authenticity of DNS data.