Q1:which is domain name system briefly explain flat name space and hierarchical name space with diagrams explain the need of DNS in the IP networks?(5pts)
The domain name system (DNS) is a hierarchical system that translates domain names, such as www.google.com, into IP addresses, which are numerical identifiers used to locate servers on the internet.
1. Flat Name Space:
In a flat name space, all domain names are at the same level, meaning there is no hierarchy. Each domain name is unique and does not contain any subdomains. For example, domain names like google.com, yahoo.com, or amazon.com are all considered to be in a flat name space.
Diagram for flat name space:
[google.com]
[yahoo.com]
[amazon.com]
2. Hierarchical Name Space:
In a hierarchical name space, domain names are organized in a tree-like structure with levels of subdomains. The root domain is at the top of the hierarchy, followed by top-level domains (TLDs) like .com, .net, or .org, then second-level domains, and so on. For example, www.google.com is a subdomain of the google.com domain.
Diagram for hierarchical name space:
- .com
- google
- www
The need for DNS in IP networks:
1. Human-readable names: DNS allows users to access websites and other network resources using easy-to-remember domain names, rather than using complex IP addresses.
2. Scalability: As the number of devices and websites on the internet grows, DNS helps to efficiently manage and organize domain names within the hierarchical structure.
3. Load balancing and failover: DNS can be used to distribute network traffic across multiple servers or data centers, as well as redirect traffic in case of server failures.
4. Security: DNS can also be used to implement security measures such as blocking malicious websites or preventing DNS spoofing attacks.
Overall, DNS plays a crucial role in the functioning of IP networks by providing a centralized system for translating domain names to IP addresses, thus enabling seamless communication between devices on the internet.