cardinal symptoms of bowel obstruction
1. Abdominal pain: The most common symptom of bowel obstruction is severe, crampy abdominal pain that may be continuous or intermittent. The pain is usually located in the lower abdomen and may be accompanied by bloating and discomfort.
2. Abdominal distension: Bowel obstruction can cause the abdomen to become swollen and distended as a result of the build-up of gas and fluid in the blocked intestine. This can lead to a visible and palpable bulge in the abdomen.
3. Nausea and vomiting: Patients with bowel obstruction often experience nausea and may vomit as a result of the blockage in the intestine. The vomit may be bile-stained and foul-smelling.
4. Constipation or complete absence of bowel movements: In cases of large bowel obstruction, patients may experience constipation and have difficulty passing stool. In severe cases, there may be a complete absence of bowel movements.
5. Inability to pass gas: Patients with bowel obstruction may have difficulty passing gas due to the blockage in the intestine. This can lead to bloating and discomfort.
6. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances: Bowel obstruction can cause fluid and electrolyte imbalances in the body, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, and decreased urine output. In severe cases, dehydration can be life-threatening.