"Dover Beach" was written by Matthew Arnold in the mid-19th century during a period of significant historical events and societal changes. The poem reflects the climate of alienation and uncertainty prevalent during the Victorian era. The rise of industrialization and urbanization brought about a sense of disillusionment and loss of traditional values, leading to a loss of faith in religion and an increasing fear of moral and spiritual decline. Additionally, the social and political unrest of the time, including revolutions and wars, contributed to a general atmosphere of insecurity and instability. It is against this backdrop that Arnold wrote "Dover Beach," expressing his profound concerns about the loss of human connection, the erosion of faith, and the existential uncertainty of the modern world.
