what technology was the key to the efficiency of gutenberg's printing press?

The key technology that contributed to the efficiency of Gutenberg's printing press was the invention of movable type. Gutenberg developed a system where individual metal letters, punctuation marks, and other symbols could be arranged and rearranged to form words, sentences, and pages. This system allowed for faster and more convenient printing, as compared to the traditional method of manually copying texts by hand or using wooden block printing. Gutenberg's movable type technology revolutionized the printing industry and significantly increased the production and dissemination of written materials.