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Describe the split in the Muslim community caused by Muhammad’s death.
After the death of Prophet Muhammad in 632 AD, a split occurred within the Muslim community over the issue of his successor. This division led to the development of two major sects in Islam, known as Sunni and Shia, which hold different beliefs regarding leadership and interpretation of Islamic teachings.
The Sunnis, comprising the majority of Muslims, believed that the companions of Prophet Muhammad should elect his successor, known as the Caliph, through a consensus or majority rule. They believe in the legitimacy of the first four caliphs – Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali – also known as the "Rightly Guided Caliphs."
On the other hand, the Shia Muslims, the minority sect, believed that the successors to Prophet Muhammad should be from his family, specifically from the lineage of his daughter Fatimah and her husband Ali. They reject the legitimacy of the first three caliphs and consider Ali as the first rightful Imam and leader, followed by his descendants known as Imams.
The division between Sunnis and Shias goes beyond the issue of succession and extends to differences in religious practices, theology, and jurisprudence. These differences have occasionally led to conflicts and tensions throughout history, particularly in regions where both sects are present.
It is important to note that while there are tensions between the two sects, most Muslims strive for unity and mutual respect, focusing on the core principles and beliefs of Islam.