short definition of:
block grant
categorical grant
Civil Rights Act of 1964
commerce clause
cooperative federalism
federal grants
Incorporation Doctrine
mandate
matching funds
No Child Left Behind
revenue sharing
Sovereignty
States’ Rights
1. Block grant: A type of grant given by the federal government to states or local governments that allows them to decide how to use the funds for specific programs or services.
2. Categorical grant: A type of grant given by the federal government to states or local governments for specific purposes or categories, with strict guidelines on how the funds are to be used.
3. Civil Rights Act of 1964: A landmark federal law in the United States that prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and ended segregation in public places.
4. Commerce clause: A provision in the United States Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the states, and with Indian tribes.
5. Cooperative federalism: A system of government in which power and responsibilities are shared between the federal government and state governments, with collaboration and interdependence between the two levels.
6. Federal grants: Financial assistance provided by the federal government to state and local governments, organizations, or individuals for various programs or projects.
7. Incorporation Doctrine: The legal principle that applies the protections of the Bill of Rights to state governments through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, ensuring that fundamental rights are not violated by state actions.
8. Mandate: A directive or requirement imposed by the federal government on state or local governments, often regarding policies or regulations.
9. Matching funds: Funds provided by a federal government to states or local governments, which must be matched by the recipient government at a specified ratio, usually to fund specific programs or projects.
10. No Child Left Behind: A federal law enacted in 2001 to reform and improve education in the United States, with an emphasis on accountability, standardized testing, and closing the achievement gap.
11. Revenue sharing: A policy of distributing a portion of federal tax revenues to state and local governments, allowing them flexibility in how the funds are used to address local needs.
12. Sovereignty: The supreme authority and power of a governing body or state to govern itself and make decisions without external interference.
13. States' Rights: The political principle that grants certain powers and responsibilities to individual states rather than the federal government, based on the idea of decentralized governance.