What are the transmission of HIV
HIV can be transmitted through the following routes:
1. Sexual Transmission: The most common mode of HIV transmission is thual intercourse, both l and . It can be transmitted through unprotected sex with an infected partner, especially if there are open sores, cuts, or lesions in the genital area.
2. Blood Transmission: HIV can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or blood products. This can occur through sharing needles or syringes during injection drug use, receiving contaminated blood transfusions or organ transplants (although this is rare in countries with strict screening procedures), or through needlestick injuries among healthcare workers.
3. Vertical Transmission: Pregnant women living with HIV can pass the virus to their infants during childbirth, delivery, or breastfeeding. However, effective antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy drastically reduces the risk of transmission.
4. Occupational Transmission: Although rare, healthcare workers can be at risk of HIV infection through accidental needlestick injuries or exposure to infected body fluids.
5. Mother-to-Child Transmission: HIV can also be transmitted from an HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. This can be prevented with proper medical interventions, including antiretroviral therapy and medical interventions during childbirth.
It is important to note that HIV cannot be transmitted through casual contact, such as hugging, shaking hands, sharing utensils, or through saliva, tears, or sweat.