What are the differences between metals and nonmetals?
Metals and nonmetals are two distinct categories of elements on the periodic table that have several differences. Here are some of the key differences:
1. Physical Properties: Metals are usually solid at room temperature (except for mercury) and are typically shiny, lustrous, and have a metallic luster. Nonmetals can exist in various states of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) and they generally have a dull appearance.
2. Conductivity: Metals are excellent conductors of heat and electricity. They have loosely bound and mobile electrons that can easily carry electric charges or heat energy. Nonmetals, on the other hand, are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity. They have tightly held electrons, limiting the flow of electricity and heat.
3. Malleability and Ductility: Metals are malleable, meaning they can be hammered into thin sheets without breaking. They are also ductile, which means they can be drawn into thin wires without breaking. Nonmetals, in contrast, are brittle and break easily when subjected to stress.
4. Melting and Boiling Points: Metals generally have high melting and boiling points due to the strength of metallic bonds. Nonmetals, on the other hand, have lower melting and boiling points compared to metals.
5. Chemical Reactivity: Metals tend to lose electrons and form positive ions (cations) when they undergo chemical reactions. They are generally good reducing agents and react readily with acids. Nonmetals, on the other hand, tend to gain electrons and form negative ions (anions) or share electrons in covalent bonds. They are typically oxidizing agents and may react with metals to form salts.
6. Location on the Periodic Table: Metals are found on the left side and middle of the periodic table, while nonmetals are found on the right side of the periodic table.
It is important to note that there are elements that exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals, known as metalloids or semimetals. Examples of metalloids include silicon, germanium, and arsenic.