Why are the turbines for hydroelectric dams located far below the top of the dam
The turbines for hydroelectric dams are located far below the top of the dam for several reasons:
1. Hydraulic Head: The vertical distance between the surface of the water at the dam's maximum level and the turbines is known as the hydraulic head. The higher the hydraulic head, the more potential energy the water possesses, which is converted into mechanical energy by the turbines. By placing the turbines below the dam, the water can be allowed to fall from a sufficient height, maximizing the potential energy and thus enhancing the efficiency of power generation.
2. Turbulence Reduction: Placing the turbines far below the top of the dam helps to reduce the turbulence caused by the falling water. Turbulence can be detrimental to the performance and lifespan of the turbines. By allowing the water to settle and stabilize after falling from a significant height, the turbines can operate more smoothly and efficiently, reducing maintenance requirements and prolonging their lifespan.
3. Safety Considerations: Placing the turbines below the dam adds an extra layer of safety. In case of a dam breach or any emergency situation, the turbines and associated equipment would be located at a safer distance from the potential disaster zone. This helps to minimize the risk of damage to the turbines and ensures the safety of the personnel working on the dam.
4. Water Management: Hydroelectric dams often serve purposes beyond power generation, such as flood control or irrigation. By locating the turbines lower in the dam, it becomes easier to regulate the amount of water passing through the turbines. This design flexibility allows proper management of water resources while balancing power generation, flood control, and other operational requirements.
Overall, placing the turbines far below the top of the dam maximizes the energy potential, improves turbine efficiency and safety, reduces turbulence, and provides better control over water management.