a localized, very intense low-pressure wind system, forming over tropical oceans and with winds just below hurricane force
You are referring to a weather phenomenon known as a tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones are intense low-pressure systems that form over warm tropical oceans, typically between 5 and 30 degrees latitude, and are characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall. They are also commonly referred to as hurricanes (in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific), typhoons (in the Western Pacific), or cyclones (in the Indian Ocean).
Tropical cyclones derive their energy from the warm ocean surface, where they develop and intensify. As warm moist air rises rapidly from the ocean surface, it creates an area of low pressure. Air from surrounding areas rushes in to fill the void, creating powerful winds.
These storms typically have winds ranging from 39 to 73 miles per hour (62 to 117 kilometers per hour), which is just below the minimum threshold for hurricane-force winds. However, as they continue to strengthen, they can reach sustained winds of 74 miles per hour (119 kilometers per hour) or more, officially becoming hurricanes.
Tropical cyclones can cause extensive damage due to their strong winds, heavy rainfall leading to flooding, storm surge (a rapid rise in sea level), and sometimes tornadoes. They can affect coastal areas and islands, leading to significant loss of life and destruction of infrastructure.
It is important for communities in tropical regions to have effective disaster management plans in place to prepare for and respond to these intense storms. Early warning systems, evacuation procedures, and strengthening infrastructure can help reduce the impacts and increase resilience.