the fallopian tubes
The fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes or oviducts, are a pair of narrow tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus in the female reproductive system. They play a crucial role in the process of fertilization and are responsible for carrying the released egg from the ovary to the uterus.
Each fallopian tube is approximately 10-12 cm long and is lined with cilia, small hair-like structures that help move the egg towards the uterus. The tube is divided into three sections: the infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus.
The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped opening near the ovary that catches the released egg during ovulation. It is surrounded by finger-like projections called fimbriae that sweep the egg into the tube. The ampulla is the widest part of the fallopian tube and is the most common site for fertilization to occur. The isthmus is the narrowest portion of the tube, closest to the uterus.
The fallopian tubes provide a suitable environment for fertilization to take place. When an egg is released from the ovary, it is picked up by the fimbriae and guided into the tube. Sperm cells can then travel through the uterus into the fallopian tubes, where they can meet and fertilize the egg. The fertilized egg, also known as the zygote, then travels towards the uterus for implantation.
In some cases, the fallopian tubes can become blocked, preventing the egg and sperm from meeting. This can cause infertility and may require medical intervention such as surgical procedures or in vitro fertilization (IVF) to help achieve pregnancy.
Overall, the fallopian tubes are essential structures in the female reproductive system, facilitating the transport of eggs and providing an environment for fertilization.