An ecology, also known as an ecosystem, refers to a community of organisms and their physical environment functioning as a system. It includes all the living (biotic) organisms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as the nonliving (abiotic) components like soil, water, air, and nutrients. These components interact with each other within the ecosystem, forming a complex web of relationships and dependencies. Changes in one component can have ripple effects on other organisms and the overall ecosystem functioning. Ecologies can vary in size, from small microhabitats to large landscapes or even global biomes.
