Describe the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and leguminous plants
The symbiotic relationship between bacteria and leguminous plants is termed as nitrogen fixation. Leguminous plants, such as peas, beans, and lentils, have specialized structures in their roots known as nodules. These nodules harbor a specific type of bacteria called rhizobia.
Rhizobia bacteria possess the unique ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that is readily usable by plants. This process is crucial as most plants cannot directly utilize the nitrogen gas present in the air. The bacterium fixes the nitrogen by converting it into ammonia through the enzyme nitrogenase.
The leguminous plant provides a suitable environment for the rhizobia bacteria to thrive within the nodules. In return, the rhizobia supply the plant with a constant supply of fixed nitrogen. This fixed nitrogen acts as a crucial nutrient for the leguminous plant's growth and development, promoting its overall health.
The bacteria enter the roots of the leguminous plant through tiny root hairs, forming a close association with the plant cells. The plant supplies the bacteria with carbohydrates and energy in the form of sugars, while the bacteria enrich the plant's soil area with nitrogen.
This symbiotic relationship benefits both organisms involved. The leguminous plant receives an essential nutrient, nitrogen, which stimulates its growth, development, and productivity. Additionally, the fixed nitrogen enriches the soil, making it more fertile and benefiting other nearby plants. The rhizobia bacteria, on the other hand, receive a protected environment and a source of energy from the leguminous plant.
Overall, the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and leguminous plants is a mutually beneficial partnership that allows legumes to thrive in nitrogen-deficient soils and plays a vital role in the ecological balance of nitrogen in the environment.