What is the role of religion in Iran's government?
The role of religion in Iran's government is significant and deeply intertwined with the political system. The Islamic Republic of Iran, established after the Iranian Revolution in 1979, is based on the principles of Velayat-e Faqih, which means "Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists." This concept, advanced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, places religious scholars in positions of authority and gives them a leading role in governance.
The Supreme Leader of Iran, the highest ranking authority in the country, holds significant religious and political power. The Supreme Leader is an ayatollah, chosen by the Assembly of Experts, and is responsible for ensuring the government's adherence to Islamic principles and maintaining the country's religious identity. Currently, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei holds this position.
The constitution of Iran acknowledges Islam as the official state religion and enshrines Islamic law (Sharia) as a primary source of legislation. This Islamic legal system influences various aspects of Iranian governance, including the judiciary, education, family law, and public morality. Religious figures also play an influential role in interpreting and shaping laws and policies.
Religion, specifically Shia Islam, permeates various branches of the government and institutions in Iran. The Guardian Council, for example, is a 12-member body responsible for vetting legislation and candidates for elections and is composed of six Islamic jurists and six experts in civil law appointed by the Supreme Leader and approved by the Parliament. The head of the judiciary is also an Islamic scholar appointed by the Supreme Leader.
Moreover, religious bodies such as the Expediency Council and the Assembly of Experts, which is responsible for selecting the Supreme Leader, have considerable influence in shaping government policies and decisions.
Overall, the role of religion in Iran's government is central, with religious authority and interpretation playing a significant part in shaping the country's laws, institutions, and policies.