The system of federalism or checks and balances enables each branch of government to limit the actions of other branches
and prevent any single branch from gaining too much power. This system ensures a separation of powers and provides a system of checks and balances that allows each branch to oversee and influence the actions of the other branches.
Under federalism, power is divided between a central government and state governments. This division of power ensures that both levels of government have their own separate spheres of authority and can act independently within their respective jurisdictions.
Checks and balances, on the other hand, refer to the system of controls and restraints that each branch of government has over the actions of the other branches. These checks and balances are designed to prevent the concentration of power in any single branch and ensure that each branch remains accountable to the others.
For example, the executive branch, headed by the President, has the power to veto legislation passed by Congress. However, Congress can override the President's veto with a two-thirds majority vote. This is an example of how the legislative branch can check the power of the executive branch.
Similarly, the judicial branch, headed by the Supreme Court, has the power to interpret and apply laws. This enables the judiciary to check the actions of both the executive and legislative branches by declaring their actions unconstitutional.
Overall, the system of federalism and checks and balances in the United States allows for a distribution of power and prevents any one branch from becoming too dominant or abusing its authority. This system helps to safeguard individual liberties and maintain a balance of power within the government.