The Founders established a system of checks and balances by dividing government into three separate departments: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. While each branch has certain authority, it also has the capacity to restrict the acts of the other branches. For instance, Congress can overturn the veto of a bill enacted by the President with a two-thirds majority. Furthermore, Congress passes legislation that the Supreme Court may rule are unconstitutional.
These checks and balances ensure that no branch of government becomes too powerful and that all branches are held accountable for their actions.
The legislative branch, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, has the power to make laws. It can also impeach and remove the President or other federal officials from office. Additionally, Congress has the authority to approve or reject appointments made by the President and can ratify treaties.
The executive branch, headed by the President, is responsible for enforcing laws. The President has the power to veto legislation passed by Congress. However, Congress can override a veto with a two-thirds majority vote in both chambers. The executive branch is also responsible for appointing federal judges, subject to confirmation by the Senate.
The judicial branch, led by the Supreme Court, has the power to interpret laws and ensure their constitutionality. The Court can declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional through the process of judicial review. This power allows the judiciary to check the actions of the other branches and safeguard individual rights.
In summary, the system of checks and balances established by the Founders ensures that no single branch of government becomes too powerful. By dividing powers and allowing each branch to limit the actions of the others, the system seeks to protect the rights and liberties of the people while promoting good governance.