how does a flowering plants anther help ist species survive
The anther is the male reproductive organ of a flowering plant. It produces and contains pollen grains, which are the male gametes. The anther plays a crucial role in the survival of the species in the following ways:
1. Pollen transfer: The anther releases pollen grains that are carried by various agents like wind, insects, birds, or animals. This enables the transfer of male gametes to the female reproductive organs of another flower, promoting cross-pollination. Cross-pollination increases genetic diversity, which is beneficial for the survival of the species.
2. Fertilization: Once the pollen grains reach the stigma of a compatible flower, they germinate and form a pollen tube. This tube grows down the style to reach the ovary, where it delivers the male gametes for fertilization of the eggs. Fertilization leads to the development of seeds, which are crucial for the reproductive success and survival of the species.
3. Genetic variation: By facilitating cross-pollination, the anther helps in introducing genetic variation within a population. This genetic diversity is essential for the adaptation and evolution of the species. It allows for the survival of individuals that are better suited to environmental changes, diseases, or pests.
4. Reproduction in unfavorable conditions: In some flowering plants, the anther may expel or shed pollen even before the flowers open, a phenomenon called dehiscence. This strategy ensures that the pollen has the chance to be transferred and fertilization can occur even if the flower doesn't fully develop or encounters unfavorable conditions.
Overall, the anther's role in producing pollen and facilitating pollination is crucial for the sexual reproduction and survival of flowering plant species.