13. Which of the following is true when comparing two electrons which are in different shells of an atom?
When comparing two electrons in different shells of an atom:
1. The electron in the outer shell has a higher energy than the electron in the inner shell.
2. The electron in the outer shell has a higher average distance from the nucleus than the electron in the inner shell.
3. The electron in the outer shell experiences less electrostatic attraction from the nucleus compared to the electron in the inner shell.
4. The electron in the outer shell is involved in chemical bonding and reactions more readily than the electron in the inner shell.
All of the above statements are true when comparing two electrons in different shells of an atom.