Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.05 MC)
Warming ocean temperatures affects the biodiversity of organisms. Which of the following disruptions would you expect to see in a population of northern whales as a result of warmer ocean water?
More males will be born than females, skewing population sizes.
Feeding and hunting ranges will shift.
There will be fewer diseases in marine mammals.
Food chains will be reversed.
Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.06MC)
In the carbon cycle, decomposition is the breakdown of a substance into simpler substances. What is the name for the process of the nitrogen cycle that produces ammonia?
Ammonification
Assimilation
Denitrification
Nitrification
Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.03 MC)
As global temperatures increase, sea levels rise. Which of the following is a way that rising sea levels negatively impact marine biodiversity?
Fewer tropical storms and severe weather
Less oxygen levels at various depths
More light reaching plants and algae
A decrease in the pH of the oceans
Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.05 MC)
Global climate change has caused ocean temperatures to increase. Which evidence supports this claim?
Arctic sea ice now covers a larger portion of the northern waters.
Currents that carry plankton are much more stable than in the past.
Hurricanes are less powerful than they were 20 years ago.
Sea level has risen more than 300 centimeters since 1880 measurements.
Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.06 MC)
Which process of the hydrological cycle is maintained by the ocean’s large surface area?
Evaporation
Infiltration
Seepage
Sublimation
Question 6(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.01 MC)
Which of the following happens at mid-ocean ridges and is essential for the process of plate tectonics being able to continue?
Old rock is melted into magma.
New rock is formed from magma.
Seamounts are shaped.
Trenches are destroyed.
Question 7(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.06 LC)
Which of the following best defines the carbon cycle?
Cycling of carbon that is essential for life and climate processes
Cycling of carbon that involves changes between the solid, liquid, and gas phases
Cycling of carbon dioxide that is essential for life and climate processes
Cycling of carbon dioxide that involves changes between the solid, liquid, and gas phases
Question 8(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.03 LC)
What term describes water that is deposited on Earth's surface?
Humidity
Precipitation
Pressure
Wind
Question 9(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.05 HC)
The two images of the McCall Glacier in Alaska depict how it has changed in size over the past 50 years.
These two photographs of the McCall Glacier in Alaska were taken from the same location in 1958 and 2003. The 2003 image shows how far the glacier has receded since 1958.
© 2016 EPA.gov
Predict how the change in this glacier will impact marine ecosystems.
It will increase ocean temperatures due to cold water being added.
It will increase sea level due to runoff from the melting ice.
It will increase temperatures on land due to a lack of snow cover.
It will increase the amount of carbon stored in the oceans.
Question 10(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.01 MC)
Wegener’s theory of continental drift was largely dismissed by the mid-1900s. What new evidence was able to revive this theory, and why?
Continental ridges were found, suggesting that parts of the land used to be below sea level.
Sonar technology found mid-ocean ridges, where new ocean floor was being created.
The coastlines of South America and Africa were similar in shape, suggesting that they shared a common tectonic plate.
The mantle moves through radiation, suggesting that rock in the Earth is not solid.
Question 11(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.03 LC)
Which effect from a catastrophic typhoon would most greatly impact the biodiversity of a coral reef ecosystem?
Decreasing human tourism
Destruction of coral
Reduction of fish
Invasive species
Question 12(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.02 LC)
Where do supporters of the inside-out model say Earth’s water originated from?
Bonded to meteorites that hit the Earth
Bonded to minerals in Earth's mantle
Inside of volcanoes
Inside the atmosphere
Question 13(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.01 MC)
The Gakkel Ridge is an area where two ocean tectonic plates are diverging. What can you conclude is happening in this area?
The plates are moving away from each other and creating a mid-ocean ridge
Frequent earthquakes are caused by the plates moving towards each other
One plate is being slowly subducted underneath the other plate, creating volcanoes
Deep trenches and crevices are formed when the plate boundaries rub past each other
Question 14(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.01 LC)
What evidence exists to support the theory of plate tectonics?
Fixed points on the Earth’s surface move relative to one another.
Rock formations in deserts show evidence of erosion by glaciers.
Satellite images show a single landmass on earth 175 million years ago.
The lithosphere is the same age across the entire surface of Earth.
Question 15(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.01 LC)
Which best describes subduction?
When two crustal plates collide to form a volcano
When two crustal plates pull apart to form a chasm
When a crustal plate is forced below another plate
When a crustal plate fuses with another plate
Question 16(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.05 LC)
Increased carbon in the oceans has caused the pH levels of the water to decrease. What is the largest impact of this ocean acidification on marine life?
Increased coral bleaching
Increased fish predation
Increased marine bird migration distances
Increased marine mammal hibernation time
Question 17(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.02 LC)
Above a subduction zone, there are long narrow openings in the earth's crust that form what kind of formations?
Plains
Ridges
Trenches
Volcanoes
Question 18(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.02 MC)
What are the four major ocean basins? Are these basins connected?
Atlantic, Arctic, Southern, and Pacific, and they are connected
Arctic, Pacific, Southern, and Atlantic, and they are not connected
Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, and Indian, and they are connected
Pacific, Arctic, Atlantic, and Indian, and they are not connected
Question 19(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.02 MC)
The outside-in model states that most of Earth's water came from meteorites or comets. What evidence would support this model?
Finding multiple comets in our solar system that contain water
Observing that a single volcanic eruption increased water vapor levels
Multiple observations of water bonded to minerals in Earth's mantle
Finding that water extracted from a single comet is not similar to ocean water
Question 20(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.02 HC)
Scientists have found that Mars has water ice at its poles, even though volcanic activity has never been observed on Mars. Would this prevent the inside-out model from becoming a theory?
Yes, because any comet that hit Earth also hit Mars.
Yes, because it shows that volcanic activity is necessary for a planet to have liquid water.
No, because no data from Mars is applicable to Earth.
No, because a single observation is not sufficient to discredit a theory.
Question 21(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.06 HC)
The Florida Everglades have declined in size and suffered from pollution due to overpopulation. When runoff occurs, a dense growth of algae forms along the water surface. If scientists analyzed the water, what would they most likely find in the runoff that contributes to so much growth?
It contains debris that stimulates the growth of algae.
It contains exotic plant and animal species that stimulate the growth of algae.
It contains nitrogen from fertilizer that stimulates the growth of algae.
It contains oxygen that stimulates the growth of algae.
Question 1:
Feeding and hunting ranges will shift.
Question 2:
Ammonification
Question 3:
Less oxygen levels at various depths
Question 4:
Sea level has risen more than 300 centimeters since 1880 measurements.
Question 5:
Evaporation
Question 6:
New rock is formed from magma.
Question 7:
Cycling of carbon that is essential for life and climate processes
Question 8:
Precipitation
Question 9:
It will increase sea level due to runoff from the melting ice.
Question 10:
Sonar technology found mid-ocean ridges, where new ocean floor was being created.
Question 11:
Destruction of coral
Question 12:
Inside of volcanoes
Question 13:
The plates are moving away from each other and creating a mid-ocean ridge
Question 14:
Fixed points on the Earth’s surface move relative to one another.
Question 15:
When a crustal plate is forced below another plate
Question 16:
Increased coral bleaching
Question 17:
Trenches
Question 18:
Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, and Indian, and they are connected
Question 19:
Finding multiple comets in our solar system that contain water
Question 20:
No, because a single observation is not sufficient to discredit a theory.
Question 21:
It contains nitrogen from fertilizer that stimulates the growth of algae.