Why did the pope called for the crusades?

To take back the holy lands from Muslims control
To fight against the Byzantine empire and restore catholic practices in that region
To gain knowledge of the Muslim faith and bring it back to the people of the west
To help Christian people in the west escape poor living conditions

The correct answer is: To take back the holy lands from Muslim control. The popes called for the crusades in the 11th and 12th centuries as an attempt to regain control of Jerusalem and other important Christian sites in the Middle East, which were under Muslim rule at the time.