1. What are some examples of evidence that suggest that some continents were once joined and have since separated?
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- The fit of the continents' coastlines: When you look at a map of the world, especially the eastern coastlines of South America and western coastlines of Africa, they appear to fit together like puzzle pieces.
- Geological continuity: Similar rock formations and geological features can be found across continents that are currently separated. For example, the Appalachian Mountains in eastern North America line up with the Caledonian Mountains in the British Isles and Scandinavia.
- Fossil evidence: Fossils of similar animals and plants can be found on different continents that are currently separated. For instance, fossils of the ancient reptile Mesosaurus have been found in both South America and Africa, indicating a connection between the two.
- Paleomagnetic evidence: Geological studies have revealed that continents have shifted over time. The alignment of magnetic minerals in rocks indicates that the continents have moved from their original positions.
- Continental drift theory: The theory of continental drift, proposed by Alfred Wegener in the early 20th century, suggests that continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Pangaea and have since separated and drifted to their current positions. This theory is supported by various lines of evidence, including the ones mentioned above.