Briefly discuss the foreign policy of Tewdros II and Emperor Yohannis IV
Compare and Contrast the foreign policy of Emperor Tewodros and Emperor Yohanness IV and Menilik II (1889-93).
Discuss the strength as well as the weakness of the foreign relations of the three.
What are the areas of foreign relations of Emperor Tewodros and Emperor Yohannes Menilik II?
What are your focal recommendations for the Emperors?
5) What are the reasons for the Proliferation of Weapons? List and discuss in details.
§) As you know in Ethiopian as well as African history Ras Alula Aba Nega was the first black military GENERAL, and scored victory over the Italian invasions (white people) in the Battle of Sehatit and Doguali in 1887. For this evidence there are memorial monuments in Italy, this is completely true, but some Ethiopians i.e. history writers believe that as the Adwa victory the first victory against Italians. So, if Italian believe on General Alula's winery, why not Ethiopian writers?
Tewodros II ruled Ethiopia from 1855 to 1868. His foreign policy aimed to modernize Ethiopia and gain recognition from European powers. He initiated diplomatic relations with Britain, France, and Russia, hoping to receive military aid and establish trade. However, he faced resistance from the European powers due to his aggressive tactics and inability to meet their demands. Tewodros' policy ultimately failed, leading to conflicts with Britain, which resulted in his suicide.
Yohannes IV was the Emperor of Ethiopia from 1872 to 1889. He focused on consolidating his power within Ethiopia and resisting European imperialism. Yohannes successfully defended Ethiopia against Egyptian and Sudanese invasions, earning him recognition as a strong leader. He also sought alliances with European powers, particularly Italy, to gain support in his efforts. However, Yohannes could not prevent Italy's gradual encroachment on Ethiopian territories, leading to his death in battle against Italian forces.
Menelik II ruled Ethiopia from 1889 to 1913. His foreign policy was characterized by his efforts to modernize Ethiopia and defend its sovereignty. Menelik successfully resisted Italian attempts to colonize Ethiopia, culminating in the Battle of Adwa in 1896, where Italian forces were decisively defeated. He was able to negotiate favorable treaties with European powers that protected Ethiopian independence and territorial integrity. Menelik's foreign policy strengthened Ethiopia's position as a sovereign nation.
Strengths of Tewodros II's foreign relations include his ambition to modernize Ethiopia and establish diplomatic ties with European powers. However, his aggressiveness and failure to meet European demands weakened his position and ultimately led to conflict.
Strengths of Yohannes IV's foreign relations include his successful defense against external invasions and his recognition as a strong leader. His alliances with European powers also provided some support for his resistance against imperialistic ambitions. However, he was unable to prevent Italy's gradual encroachment, leading to his death.
Strengths of Menelik II's foreign relations include his successful defense against Italian colonization, his negotiation of favorable treaties, and the protection of Ethiopian independence. His policies strengthened Ethiopia's sovereignty and national identity.
The areas of foreign relations for Tewodros II and Yohannes IV were primarily focused on seeking support from European powers for modernization efforts and defense against external threats. Menelik II's foreign relations were centered around defending Ethiopian sovereignty and resisting Italian colonization.
Recommendations for the emperors would depend on the specific time period and circumstances. However, a general recommendation would be to prioritize diplomatic negotiations and alliances to strengthen Ethiopia's position against external threats. It is also important to understand the demands and expectations of European powers and find a balance between modernization efforts and preserving Ethiopian culture and traditions.
The reasons for the proliferation of weapons can vary and include factors such as national security concerns, conflicts and rivalries between nations, the desire for military superiority, and the influence of the arms trade industry. Some nations may view weapons as essential for self-defense, while others may seek to assert their dominance on a global scale. Arms races and regional instabilities can also contribute to the proliferation of weapons.
In regards to the debate on the first victory against Italians, it is important to consider that historical narratives and perspectives can vary. While some Ethiopians may focus on Adwa as the most significant victory due to its impact on Italian perceptions of African nations, others may see the earlier victories of Ras Alula Aba Nega as equally important in resisting Italian invasions. The inclusion of memorial monuments in Italy dedicated to Ras Alula's victories suggests that his achievements are recognized by the Italian side. Historical interpretations can be influenced by political and cultural factors, and it is essential to consider multiple perspectives to gain a comprehensive understanding of historical events.