the time following he civil war was one of conflict and change. what were some of the changes within the political parties, and how did social issues impact those changes
Following the Civil War, the time period known as Reconstruction, from 1865-1877, witnessed significant changes within political parties as a result of social issues. Here are some key developments:
1. Emergence of the Republican Party: The Republican Party gained prominence during this period due to its commitment towards ensuring the civil rights of newly freed African Americans. Republicans championed the passing of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, which abolished slavery, granted equal protection under the law, and provided voting rights for African American men, respectively.
2. Division within the Republican Party: The Republican Party experienced divisions regarding the extent of civil rights and protections to be provided to African Americans. Radical Republicans pushed for full equality, while moderate Republicans aimed for a more cautious approach, allowing certain restrictions and compromises with Southern white Democrats.
3. Rise of the Democratic Party: The Democratic Party started regaining influence over the white, Southern population, particularly through the Solid South voting bloc. Democrats opposed the Republican Party's efforts towards reconstruction and sought to reestablish white supremacy and control over politics in the South.
4. Formation of the "Redeemer" governments: In several Southern states, Democrats known as "Redeemers" regained control of state governments through the intimidation and disenfranchisement of African American voters. These governments implemented policies to roll back the gains made by African Americans during Reconstruction.
5. Social issues impacting political parties: Social issues, particularly concerning race and civil rights, played a significant role in shaping the political landscape. The fight for racial equality and protection of African American rights divided politicians and the public along party lines. Social issues influenced the debates and policies regarding suffrage, land distribution, labor rights, education, and social welfare.
6. Gradual erosion of African American rights: As Reconstruction came to an end, efforts to protect African American civil rights diminished due to a combination of factors, including Supreme Court rulings (e.g., United States v. Cruikshank and United States v. Reese) and decreasing political will in the North.
Overall, the changes within political parties during this time period were influenced by the social issues surrounding racial equality and African American rights. The Republicans initially championed these issues, but divisions within the party emerged, leading to the resurgence of the Democratic Party and the eventual rollback of African American rights in the South.