After independence, Malaysia and Singapore had authorization governments in which
the government had significant control over the country's political and economic systems. Malaysia and Singapore both had authoritarian governments in the years following their independence.
In Malaysia, the ruling coalition, initially led by the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), established an authoritarian government under the leadership of Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman. The government implemented policies that aimed to promote Malay dominance and protect Malay privileges, such as the New Economic Policy. The media was tightly controlled, and political dissent was suppressed. The government also enacted policies to maintain racial and religious harmony, such as the implementation of the National Language Act.
Similarly, Singapore, led by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew and the People's Action Party (PAP), had an authoritarian government characterized by strict laws and tight control over political and social activities. The government implemented policies to transform Singapore into a modern and prosperous city-state, focusing on economic development and attracting foreign investment. This was achieved through strict laws, such as the Internal Security Act, which allowed for detention without trial, and tight control over the media.
Both Malaysia and Singapore's authoritarian governments implemented policies that prioritized stability and economic growth. These policies were successful in transforming both countries from poor post-colonial states to prosperous nations. However, they also limited political freedoms and civil liberties, leading to criticisms of human rights abuses and lack of democratic participation.
Over time, both Malaysia and Singapore have transitioned towards more democratic systems, although elements of authoritarianism still persist to varying degrees.