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Blood type in humans follows a multiple allele inheritance pattern. There are three alleles for blood type in the human population, and each person only carries two of those three alleles within their genome. One allele is inherited from the father, and the other allele is inherited from the mother. The A-type allele, I ^ A is codominant with the B-type allele, I ^ B which are both completely dominant to the recessive O- type allele, i. These alleles combine to create one of four phenotypes, type A blood (either genotype I ^ A * i or I ^ A * I ^ A , type B blood (either genotype I ^ B * i or I ^ B * I ^ B , type AB blood (genotype I ^ A * I ^ B ) and type O blood (genotype ii).
This inheritance pattern allows for a variety of blood types in the human population. When two individuals with different blood types have children, the possible blood types of their offspring depend on their genotypes.
- If both parents have type A blood (genotype I^A * i), their offspring can have type A blood (genotype I^A * i), type AB blood (genotype I^A * I^B), or type O blood (genotype i * i).
- If both parents have type B blood (genotype I^B * i), their offspring can have type B blood (genotype I^B * i), type AB blood (genotype I^A * I^B), or type O blood (genotype i * i).
- If one parent has type A blood (genotype I^A * i) and the other has type B blood (genotype I^B * i), their offspring can have type A blood (genotype I^A * i), type B blood (genotype I^B * i), type AB blood (genotype I^A * I^B), or type O blood (genotype i * i).
- If one parent has type A blood (genotype I^A * i) and the other has type AB blood (genotype I^A * I^B), their offspring can have type A blood (genotype I^A * i) or type AB blood (genotype I^A * I^B).
- If one parent has type A blood (genotype I^A * i) and the other has type O blood (genotype i * i), their offspring can have type A blood (genotype I^A * i) or type O blood (genotype i * i).
- The same possibilities apply when one parent has type B blood (genotype I^B * i) and the other has type AB blood (genotype I^A * I^B) or type O blood (genotype i * i).
- When both parents have type AB blood (genotype I^A * I^B), their offspring can only have type AB blood (genotype I^A * I^B).
- If one parent has type AB blood (genotype I^A * I^B) and the other has type O blood (genotype i * i), their offspring can have type A blood (genotype I^A * i) or type B blood (genotype I^B * i).
Based on this inheritance pattern, it is possible for two parents with type A or type B blood to have a child with type O blood if both parents are heterozygous for their blood type alleles.