USH 8A U9 Final Exam Nickels
1. The term "New Deal" refers to a series of programs and reforms implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression. These programs aimed to provide relief, recovery, and reform to the American people and the economy.
2. The creation of the Social Security Act in 1935 was a major achievement of the New Deal. This act established a system of income support for elderly, disabled, and unemployed Americans.
3. The Great Depression was a severe economic downturn that lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s. It was triggered by the stock market crash of 1929 and resulted in widespread unemployment, poverty, and financial distress.
4. The Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms that devastated the agricultural heartland of the United States during the 1930s. It was caused by a combination of drought, poor agricultural practices, and strong winds.
5. The National Recovery Administration (NRA) was a key component of the New Deal. It aimed to stimulate economic recovery by establishing industry-wide codes of fair competition and minimum wages.
6. President Herbert Hoover's response to the Great Depression was primarily focused on supporting voluntary action by businesses and individuals, rather than government intervention. His approach, known as "rugged individualism," was criticized for being ineffective in addressing the economic crisis.
7. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was a New Deal program that aimed to improve the economic and environmental conditions in the Tennessee Valley region. It accomplished this through the construction of dams for hydroelectric power generation, flood control, and agricultural development.
8. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was one of the largest and most ambitious New Deal programs. It provided jobs to millions of unemployed Americans, primarily in infrastructure projects such as road construction, building schools, and creating public art.
9. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established in 1934 to regulate the securities industry and protect investors. It was a response to the stock market crash of 1929 and aimed to restore confidence in the financial markets.
10. The Wagner Act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act, was passed in 1935 to protect the rights of workers to organize unions and engage in collective bargaining. It prohibited unfair labor practices by employers and created the National Labor Relations Board to enforce labor laws.
11. The "court-packing" plan refers to President Roosevelt's unsuccessful attempt in 1937 to expand the number of Supreme Court justices. He sought to appoint additional justices who were sympathetic to his New Deal policies to overcome opposition from the conservative-leaning Court.
12. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, also known as the Indian New Deal, aimed to reverse previous policies of forced assimilation and to restore tribal self-government and cultural identity for Native American tribes.
13. The Emergency Banking Act was enacted in 1933 to address the banking crisis during the Great Depression. It provided for the reopening of solvent banks and established mechanisms to stabilize the banking system.
14. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a New Deal program that provided work opportunities for young, unemployed men. Participants worked on various environmental conservation projects, such as reforestation, erosion control, and park development.
15. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 established the first federal minimum wage and maximum workweek standards in the United States. It also introduced overtime pay requirements and child labor restrictions.