Diabetes refers to a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It occurs when the body does not effectively produce or use insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough of it. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually subsides after delivery. Diabetes can lead to various complications, including damage to the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, nerves, and eyes. Managing diabetes involves maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, blood sugar monitoring, and sometimes medication or insulin therapy.
