Directions: Clearly and briefly answer the question in one VERY SHORT paragraph below.
1. Explain human gut microbiome explaining the interaction with the host. How and why a shift from parasitism to mutualism is possible in symbiotic relationships? How and why a shift from parasitism to mutualism is possible in symbiotic relationships? Does horizontal or vertical transmission play any role in such transitions?
The human gut microbiome refers to the community of microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinal tract of individuals. The interaction between the gut microbiome and the host is complex and mutually beneficial. Initially, the relationship may lean towards parasitism, where the microbiome benefits while the host is harmed. However, through the process of coevolution and genetic adaptations, a shift from parasitism to mutualism can occur. This shift is possible as the microbiome provides certain beneficial functions, such as aiding in nutrient digestion, immune system development, and protection against pathogens. Horizontal transmission, which involves the transfer of microorganisms between individuals within a generation, and vertical transmission, which involves the transfer of microorganisms from parent to offspring, both play a role in facilitating such transitions by allowing for the acquisition of new beneficial microbial species.
