Types of sonnets
There are four main types of sonnets: Italian/Petrarchan sonnet, English/Shakespearean sonnet, Spenserian sonnet, and Miltonic sonnet. Here is a brief description of each type:
1. Italian/Petrarchan sonnet: This type of sonnet consists of 14 lines divided into an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines). The octave typically presents a problem or question, while the sestet provides an answer or resolution. The rhyme scheme is usually ABBAABBA for the octave, while the sestet may vary (common patterns include CDCDCD or CDEEDE).
2. English/Shakespearean sonnet: Popularized by William Shakespeare, this type of sonnet also consists of 14 lines. However, it is divided into three quatrains (four-line stanzas) and a final couplet. The rhyme scheme typically follows the pattern ABAB CDCD EFEF GG.
3. Spenserian sonnet: Named after Edmund Spenser, this type of sonnet consists of 14 lines as well. It follows the rhyme scheme ABAB BCBC CDCD EE. The Spenserian sonnet introduces a new rhyme in the second quatrain, giving it a distinct structure compared to the Italian and English sonnets.
4. Miltonic sonnet: Inspired by John Milton, this type of sonnet is similar to the Italian sonnet in that it consists of an octave and a sestet. However, it deviates from the traditional rhyme scheme. The Miltonic sonnet usually follows the pattern ABBAABBA ABAABB, with the same rhyme sound persisted in the sestet.