1)State two disadvantages of self-pollination
2)What is meant by the terms;
a)Epigynous flower
b)Staminate flower
3)How are the male parts of wind-pollinated flowers adapted to their function
4)Name the part of a flower that develops into;
a)Seed
b)Fruit
5)State two processes which occur during anaphase of mitosis
6)What is the significance of meiosis
7)a)Explain how the following prevents self a pollination;
I)Protoandry
ii)Self-sterility
b)Give 3 advantages of cross pollination
8)state two advantages of sexual reproduction in animals
9)What is meant by the following;
a)Protandry
b) Self-sterility
1) Two disadvantages of self-pollination are reduced genetic diversity and a higher risk of accumulating harmful mutations.
2) a) Epigynous flower refers to a flower in which the ovary is situated above the insertion point of other floral parts.
b) Staminate flower refers to a flower that only contains male reproductive organs, such as stamens.
3) Male parts of wind-pollinated flowers are adapted to their function by producing large quantities of lightweight and small pollen grains that are easily carried by wind. They often lack colorful petals and produce a large number of stamens to maximize the chances of pollen being transferred.
4) a) The part of a flower that develops into a seed is the ovule.
b) The part of a flower that develops into a fruit is the ovary.
5) Two processes that occur during anaphase of mitosis are the separation of sister chromatids and their movement towards opposite poles of the cell.
6) The significance of meiosis is that it is the process by which sexually reproducing organisms produce haploid gametes. This leads to genetic variation among offspring, as new combinations of alleles are formed during the process of fertilization.
7) a) i) Protoandry prevents self-pollination by having the male reproductive organs mature before the female reproductive organs. This ensures that the pollen of a flower is released before the stigma of the same flower becomes receptive.
ii) Self-sterility refers to the inability of a plant to self-pollinate due to various mechanisms, such as genetic self-incompatibility or physical barriers that prevent pollen from reaching the stigma of the same flower.
b) Three advantages of cross-pollination are increased genetic diversity, avoidance of inbreeding depression, and the potential for beneficial gene exchange between different individuals.
8) Two advantages of sexual reproduction in animals are increased genetic diversity, leading to greater adaptability to changing environments, and the potential for genetic recombination, which can help remove harmful mutations.
9) a) Protandry refers to a reproductive strategy in which an organism's male reproductive organs mature before the female reproductive organs.
b) Self-sterility refers to the inability of an organism to self-fertilize or self-pollinate due to various mechanisms, such as self-incompatibility or physical barriers.