Lab: Types of Reaction Lab Report
Title: Types of Reaction Lab Report
Introduction:
The purpose of this lab was to observe different types of chemical reactions and to identify the products formed. Chemical reactions can be classified into various types, including synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion. By performing a series of chemical reactions, we aimed to determine which type of reaction was occurring based on the observed changes in substances.
Materials:
- Small test tubes
- Test tube rack
- 0.1M solutions of sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, and copper(II) sulfate
- Zinc metal
- Hydrochloric acid
- Bunsen burner
- Safety goggles, gloves, and lab coat
Procedure:
1. Put on safety goggles, gloves, and lab coat.
2. Set up a test tube rack on the laboratory bench.
3. Label three small test tubes with the chemicals to be used: sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, and copper(II) sulfate.
4. Fill each test tube with approximately 2 mL of the respective solution, using a dropper.
5. Add about 5 pieces of zinc metal to the test tube labeled "hydrochloric acid."
6. Carefully add 2 mL of hydrochloric acid to the test tube with zinc metal. Observe any changes and record them.
7. Place the test tube labeled "sodium hydroxide" in a Bunsen burner flame for a few seconds. Observe any changes and record them.
8. Mix the solutions in the test tubes labeled "calcium chloride" and "copper(II) sulfate." Observe any changes and record them.
9. Dispose of the chemical waste properly according to the laboratory guidelines.
10. Clean the materials used and return them to their designated places.
Results:
- When hydrochloric acid was added to zinc metal, effervescence and bubbling occurred. The zinc metal turned into a pale yellow color while hydrogen gas was released.
- When sodium hydroxide was placed in the Bunsen burner flame, the flame turned bright yellow.
- When calcium chloride and copper(II) sulfate solutions were mixed, a white precipitate formed.
Discussion:
Based on the observations and knowledge of chemical reactions, we can classify the reactions as follows:
1. Hydrochloric acid + zinc metal → Zinc chloride + hydrogen gas
- Type of reaction: Single displacement reaction
- Evidence: Effervescence, change in color of zinc metal
2. Sodium hydroxide + heat → Sodium ions + water
- Type of reaction: Thermal decomposition reaction
- Evidence: Change in color of flame
3. Calcium chloride solution + copper(II) sulfate solution → Calcium sulfate + copper chloride
- Type of reaction: Double displacement reaction
- Evidence: Formation of white precipitate
Conclusion:
The observations and analysis of the reactions indicate that the reactions performed in this lab involved various types of chemical reactions. By categorizing the reactions based on the observed changes, we were able to identify the reactions as single displacement, thermal decomposition, and double displacement reactions, respectively.