List of inventions from the 1200 CE era that made global trade possible today the dates of invention and their history
1. Compass (13th century): The compass, originally invented in China, revolutionized navigation by allowing sailors to determine their direction at sea. Its use spread to the Arab world and Europe, enabling more accurate global exploration and trade.
2. Astrolabe (13th century): The astrolabe, also of Arab origin, was an instrument used for navigation and astronomical purposes. It allowed mariners to determine their latitude at sea, aiding in more precise mapping and navigation.
3. Gunpowder (9th century): The invention of gunpowder by the Chinese had profound impacts on warfare and trade. The use of gunpowder weapons transformed military strategies and facilitated the expansion of empires, trade networks, and global exploration.
4. Paper money (11th century): Around the 11th century, during the Song Dynasty in China, the invention of paper money facilitated trade and commerce by providing a standardized medium of exchange. It streamlined financial transactions and accelerated economic growth.
5. Windmill (12th century): Windmills, with their ability to harness wind energy, were developed in Europe during the 12th century. They greatly simplified various tasks such as grinding grain, pumping water, and sawing wood, making agricultural and industrial production more efficient.
6. Magnetic compass (12th century): Before the compass, navigation heavily relied on celestial observations. The Chinese invention of the magnetic compass in the 12th century allowed sailors to navigate more accurately, even in cloudy or foggy conditions.
7. Lateen sail (12th century): The adoption of the lateen sail, a triangular sail that could be adjusted to the wind’s direction, enabled ships to navigate against the wind. This innovation greatly improved maritime trade, as ships were no longer entirely reliant on favorable winds.
8. Water-powered mechanical clock (13th century): The first mechanical clocks powered by water were invented in the 13th century in Europe. These clocks enabled precise timekeeping, crucial for coordinating global trade and navigation between different regions.
9. Crossbow (11th century): While the crossbow was not a new invention during the 1200 CE era, advancements made during this time greatly improved its effectiveness. The crossbow's power and accuracy made it a preferred weapon for soldiers and hunters, impacting warfare and allowing for efficient provision of food.
10. Rudder (12th century): The invention of the stern-mounted rudder in the 12th century greatly enhanced ship control and maneuverability. This innovation enabled vessels to sail with greater precision and facilitated the growth of long-distance trade networks.
These inventions, along with advancements in shipbuilding technology during the 1200 CE era, played a significant role in making global trade possible, setting the foundation for the expansive interconnected networks of trade and commerce that we see today.