DESCRIBE investigations for BPH
Investigations for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) typically involve a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The primary goal is to evaluate the severity and impact of the condition on the patient.
1. Medical History Assessment: The doctor will gather information about the patient's symptoms, their duration, and their progression over time. They will also enquire about any past medical conditions or surgeries related to the prostate, as well as the patient's overall health. This helps in establishing a comprehensive understanding of the patient's condition.
2. Digital Rectal Examination (DRE): During this examination, the doctor inserts a gloved finger into the rectum to feel the size, shape, and consistency of the prostate gland. This helps determine if the prostate is enlarged, tender, or has any other abnormal features.
3. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland. Elevated levels of PSA in the blood can indicate prostate problems, including BPH. This blood test is often used to rule out prostate cancer, as the symptoms of BPH and prostate cancer can overlap.
4. Urinalysis: Analysis of a urine sample can reveal signs of infection or blood in the urine. This helps rule out other urinary tract issues that may present similar symptoms to BPH.
5. Uroflowmetry: This test measures the speed and volume of urine flow during voiding. It is used to assess the flow rate and the presence of any obstruction in the urinary system. Patients urinate into a specialized uroflowmetry machine that records the data.
6. Post-void Residual Measurement: This test measures the amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding, using ultrasound or catheterization. It helps determine if the bladder is fully emptying or if there is any residual urine, which can indicate an obstruction caused by BPH.
7. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): This imaging technique uses sound waves to create an image of the prostate gland. It helps visualize the size of the prostate and any abnormalities, such as prostate stones or tumors.
In more complex cases or when the above investigations do not provide clear results, additional tests such as cystoscopy or urodynamic studies may be performed to get a more detailed understanding of the condition and guide the most appropriate treatment plan. These investigations aid in diagnosing BPH and ruling out other conditions with similar symptoms.