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During feudalism, the Church in Europe held significant political, social, and economic power. It acted as a political authority, often overlapping with secular rulers, and controlled vast amounts of land and wealth. However, during the Renaissance, the role of the Church shifted and it faced challenges to its authority as secular rulers gained more power, cultural and intellectual movements challenged religious dogma, and the rise of mercantilism shifted economic power away from the Church.

In the era of feudalism, the Church in Europe wielded substantial political, social, and economic influence. functioning as a political entity that often intertwined with secular leaders and possessing extensive land and wealth. Nonetheless, with the advent of the Renaissance, the Church's position underwent a transformation, encountering obstacles to its authority as secular rulers grew stronger, cultural and intellectual movements questioned religious teachings, and the emergence of mercantilism shifted economic dominance from the Church.