Project includes
all five parts
(materials list,
procedure, data
table, graph,
written analysis).
1. Materials List: This section includes a detailed list of all the materials and equipment needed to carry out the project. It should be comprehensive enough for others to replicate the experiment.
Example:
- 5 beakers (250 ml each)
- 1 thermometer
- 1 stopwatch
- Distilled water
- 5 different concentrations of salt solutions (0.2M, 0.4M, 0.6M, 0.8M, 1.0M)
- 10 celery stalks
- Knife for cutting celery
- Ruler for measuring celery length
2. Procedure: This section outlines the step-by-step instructions on how to conduct the experiment. It should be clear and concise, allowing anyone to follow along easily.
Example:
a) Prepare the salt solutions by dissolving the required amount of salt in distilled water for each concentration.
b) Cut 10 celery stalks to a length of 10 cm each.
c) Label the beakers with the corresponding salt concentrations.
d) Fill each beaker with 200 ml of the respective salt solution.
e) Measure and record the initial length of each celery stalk.
f) Place one celery stalk in each beaker and start the stopwatch.
g) Observe the celery stalks after 30 minutes and measure and record any changes in length.
h) Repeat steps e-g for a total of three trials.
i) Compile and analyze the data.
3. Data Table: This section presents a table to record the measurements and observations made during the experiment. It should be neatly organized and contain all the necessary data.
Example:
Salt Concentration (M) | Trial 1 Length (cm) | Trial 2 Length (cm) | Trial 3 Length (cm) | Average Length (cm)
0.2M | 10.0 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8
0.4M | 10.0 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.6
0.6M | 10.0 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 9.0
0.8M | 10.0 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 8.5
1.0M | 10.0 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 7.8
4. Graph: This section includes a visual representation of the data collected in the experiment. The graph should clearly illustrate any trends or patterns observed and be properly labeled.
Example: A bar graph showing salt concentration (x-axis) vs. average length of celery stalks (y-axis).
5. Written Analysis: This section provides an explanation and interpretation of the results obtained from the experiment. It should include observations, trends, patterns, and any conclusions drawn from the data. Additionally, any limitations or sources of error should be discussed.
Example: The celery stalks displayed a clear trend of decreasing length as the salt concentration increased. This indicates that higher salt concentrations caused more water to move out of the celery cells through the process of osmosis, resulting in shrinkage. The graph clearly shows a gradual decrease in average length as the salt concentration increased. However, it is important to note that there could be other factors influencing the results, such as temperature changes during the experiment or variations in celery stalks' initial water content. Overall, this experiment confirms the relationship between salt concentration and osmosis in plant cells.