How did Cleopatra's dynasty's reign end?
Cleopatra's dynasty, known as the Ptolemaic dynasty, came to an end with the death of Cleopatra VII. After the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE, Cleopatra formed an alliance with Mark Antony, one of the leading Roman officials. However, their relationship faced numerous challenges, including political conflicts and rivalry with another Roman leader, Octavian.
In 31 BCE, Cleopatra and Mark Antony faced Octavian's forces in the Battle of Actium, which resulted in their defeat. Following the battle, Cleopatra and Mark Antony retreated to Alexandria, which was soon besieged by Octavian's army. In 30 BCE, Mark Antony heard a false rumor that Cleopatra had died, and in despair, he took his own life by falling on his own sword.
Upon hearing of Mark Antony's death, Cleopatra was devastated and decided to take her own life as well. She died on August 12, 30 BCE, reputedly by allowing herself to be bitten by an Egyptian cobra. With the death of Cleopatra, the Ptolemaic dynasty came to an end, and Egypt became a Roman province, marking the end of Egyptian independence and the beginning of Roman rule in the region.