Use the excerpt to answer the question.
When Adams became President, the war between the French and British was causing great difficulties for the United States on the high seas and intense partisanship [taking of sides] among contending factions within the Nation.
His administration focused on France, where the Directory, the ruling group, had refused to receive the. American envoy and had suspended commercial relations.
Adams sent three commissioners to France, but in the spring of 1798 word arrived that the French Foreign Minister Talleyrand and the Directory had refused to negotiate with them unless they would first pay a substantial bribe. Adams reported the insult to Congress, and the Senate printed the correspondence, in which the Frenchmen were referred to only as "X, Y, and Z."...
President Adams did not call for a declaration of war, but hostilities began at sea. At first, American shipping was almost defenseless against French privateers, but by 1800 armed merchantmen and U.S. warships were clearing the sea-lanes. —WhiteHousegov
Based on the information in the excerpt, what can be inferred about the effect the war between France and England had on the United States?
(1 point)
• The unwillingness of the French to negotiate brought about a long period of distrust of the French Directory.
• The refusal to pay the bribe resulted in a suspension in French trade that deeply altered the American economy.
• The disagreements between political parties on issues relating to the war led to the inability of Congress to function
• The attacks on American shipping vessels led to a build-up of an American naval force.
Based on the information in the excerpt, it can be inferred that the attacks on American shipping vessels led to a build-up of an American naval force.
How did the War of 1812 affect the U.S. economy? (1 point)
• The use of federal paper currency increased.
• Agricultural imports increased.
• Imports of raw materials increased.
• Manufacturing increased.
Based on historical knowledge, manufacturing increased as a result of the War of 1812.
Why did Jefferson oppose Hamilton's plan for creating a national bank? Select all that apply. (1 point)
• He believed that Americans would protest if it was established.
• He felt a national bank was necessary for the government to collect taxes and pay its bills.
• He believed that it gave the federal government too much power.
• He argued that Congress did not have the constitutional power to establish it.
Jefferson opposed Hamilton's plan for creating a national bank because he believed that it gave the federal government too much power, and he argued that Congress did not have the constitutional power to establish it.
What reason did Jefferson give for urging passage of the Embargo Act? (1 point)
• to protect American traders
• to increase the power of the Republican Party
• to decrease the power and influence of New England merchants
• to avoid war over seized ships
Jefferson gave the reason for urging the passage of the Embargo Act as "to avoid war over seized ships."
Use the excerpt to answer the question.
Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful [harmful, destructive] effects of the spirit of party generally. This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature,
having its root in the strongest passions of the human
mind. It exists under different shapes in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or repressed; but, in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness [state of being excessive and unpleasant], and is truly their worst enemy.... It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms, kindles the animosity of one part against another, foments [stirs up] occasionally riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which finds a facilitated [made easier] access to the government itself through the channels of party passions. Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another.... George Washington, Farewell Address
What does the excerpt say about Washington's views on political parties?
(1 point)
• With several political parties, foreign countries would pose less of a threat.
• Political parties may lead to unrest in American communities.
• Leaders of foreign nations could take advantage of different political parties.
• The nation should embrace more than one party so that the government represents different perspectives.
The excerpt says that Washington's views on political parties are that they may lead to unrest in American communities.
In what way did the Alien and Sedition Acts change the authority of the federal government? (1 point)
• The acts redefined the powers of the legislative branch.
• The acts permitted the government to deny citizens' rights in time of war.
• The acts limited the amount of power delegated to each branch of government.
• The acts clarified the role of the Supreme Court