A map shows the original territories of Eastern tribes, the regions of Indian Territory to which they were resettled, and the paths taken between the two during the Trail of Tears.
The Cherokee were originally located in northern Georgia and Alabama. They walked northwest to southern Illinois and then southwest through Missouri and Arkansas Territory into northern Indian Territory.
The Creek nation originally inhabited land just south of Cherokee territory. They walked in three groups west northwest to the Mississippi River at the southwestern corner of Tennessee, before merging and walking to north central Indian Territory.
The Chickasaw and Choctaw originally inhabited regions in northern and central Mississippi. Both peoples travelled southwesterly into Louisiana and then northwesterly through Arkansas Territory into the southern portion of Indian Territory.
The Seminole originally occupied central Florida. They traveled by boat to New Orleans and then followed the Mississippi into Indian Territory, where they occupied a region surrounded by the new territories of the Creek, Choctaw, and Chickasaw tribes.
Question
Use the map to answer the question.
How does this map show the challenges faced by Native American groups on the Trail of Tears?
(1 point)
Responses
It details the areas along the trail where disease was most common.
It details the areas along the trail where disease was most common.
It shows where federal troops made a series of deadly attacks on Native American camps.
It shows where federal troops made a series of deadly attacks on Native American camps.
It shows the long distances they were forced to walk to reach their designated lands.
It shows the long distances they were forced to walk to reach their designated lands.
It details the time it took for these groups to walk from their homelands to their new territories.
It details the time it took for these groups to walk from their homelands to their new territories.
The correct response is: It shows the long distances they were forced to walk to reach their designated lands.
How did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 go against the Worcester v. Georgia ruling?
(1 point)
Responses
It extended a military campaign against Native American peoples who had farm land.
It extended a military campaign against Native American peoples who had farm land.
It nullified all previous treaties that protected the interests of Georgians against Cherokees.
It nullified all previous treaties that protected the interests of Georgians against Cherokees.
It was a law banning Native American groups from owning land within the borders of any U.S. state.
It was a law banning Native American groups from owning land within the borders of any U.S. state.
It ignored that fact that Native American lands were sovereign and not technically part of the United States.
The correct response is: It ignored the fact that Native American lands were sovereign and not technically part of the United States.
The completion of the Erie Canal spurred the first great westward movement of American settlers, gave access to the rich land and resources west of the Appalachians and made New York the preeminent commercial city in the United States.
The effect of the Canal was both immediate and dramatic, and settlers poured west. The explosion of trade prophesied by Governor Clinton began, spurred by freight rates from Buffalo to New York of $10 per ton by Canal, compared with $100 per ton by road. In 1829, there were 3,640 bushels of wheat transported down the Canal from Buffalo. By 1837 this figure had increased to 500,000 bushels; four years later it reached one million. In nine years, Canal tolls more than recouped the entire cost of construction.
Within 15 years of the Canal's opening, New York was the busiest port in America, moving tonnages greater than Boston, Baltimore and New Orleans combined.
—New York Canals
Question
Use the passage to answer the question.
How did the economic success of the Erie Canal impact westward expansion?
(1 point)
Responses
There was an increased demand for laborers to help build similar canals to the West.
There was an increased demand for laborers to help build similar canals to the West.
There was less competition in the West because it was sparsely populated compared to the East.
There was less competition in the West because it was sparsely populated compared to the East.
The canal system eliminated many of the jobs in the East, forcing people to the West.
The canal system eliminated many of the jobs in the East, forcing people to the West.
There were more economic opportunities in the West due to the success of the canal system.
The correct response is: There were more economic opportunities in the West due to the success of the canal system.
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An illustration shows President Andrew Jackson dressed as a king.
A timeline of the early years of the United States shows milestones regarding the issue of states’ rights.
A map shows the original territories of Eastern tribes, the regions of Indian Territory to which they were resettled, and the paths taken between the two during the Trail of Tears.
Question
Which of the following best describes how settlers traveled west?
(1 point)
Responses
Some settlers loaded their animals and wagons on flatboats to float down rivers.
Some settlers loaded their animals and wagons on flatboats to float down rivers.
Many settlers traveled along with Daniel Boone across Lake Ontario to the Gateway to the West.
Many settlers traveled along with Daniel Boone across Lake Ontario to the Gateway to the West.
Most African Americans were given their freedom so they could help clear the trails for other settlers.
Most African Americans were given their freedom so they could help clear the trails for other settlers.
Settlers from New England traveled south to take over plantations in Georgia and Alabama.
The correct response is: Some settlers loaded their animals and wagons on flatboats to float down rivers.
How did the invention of the steam engine affect transportation?
(1 point)
Responses
Robert Fulton’s invention of the steam-powered locomotive made travel across land much quicker.
Robert Fulton’s invention of the steam-powered locomotive made travel across land much quicker.
Henry Shreve’s modified steamboat could carry more without getting stuck on the riverbed.
Henry Shreve’s modified steamboat could carry more without getting stuck on the riverbed.
John Fitch’s steam engine made travel along the river faster, but it was more expensive.
John Fitch’s steam engine made travel along the river faster, but it was more expensive.
DeWitt Clinton’s invention was faster, but people preferred to travel along the rutted roads.
DeWitt Clinton’s invention was faster, but people preferred to travel along the rutted roads.
The correct response is: Robert Fulton’s invention of the steam-powered locomotive made travel across land much quicker.
It began as an unconnected series of trails used by Native Americans. Fur Traders expanded the route to transport pelts to trading posts and rendezvous. In the 1830s missionaries followed the still faint trail along the Platte River and the Snake to establish church connections in the Northwest. A combination of economic and political events in the 1840s converged to start a large scale migration west on what was then known as "The Oregon Road." Joel Walker is credited as the first settler to make the complete trip with a family, in 1840. Large scale migration started in 1843, when a wagon train of over 800 people with 120 wagons and 5,000 cattle made the five month journey. In 1847 Mormons escaping persecution headed toward Salt Lake, and the discovery of gold in California in 1848 sent a wave of fortune seekers west. Military posts, trading posts, shortcuts, and spur roads sprang off the Oregon Trail over the next three decades.
—Department of the Interior
Question
Use the passage to answer the question.
Which of the following best summarizes this passage?
(1 point)
Responses
The Oregon Trail was first used by Mormons fleeing religious persecution.
The Oregon Trail was first used by Mormons fleeing religious persecution.
The Oregon Trail grew from small beginnings to a major migration route.
The Oregon Trail grew from small beginnings to a major migration route.
The Oregon Trail was made more accessible by missionaries who helped define the route.
The Oregon Trail was made more accessible by missionaries who helped define the route.
The Oregon Trail was developed by the military to monitor interactions between Native American groups and settlers.