Explain the difference between separate underlying proficiency model and common underlying model
The separate underlying proficiency model and the common underlying model are two different approaches used in testing language proficiency.
1. Separate Underlying Proficiency Model: In this model, language skills are considered as separate entities that are measured individually. Each skill, such as reading, writing, speaking, and listening, is assessed independently. For example, a language test may have separate sections for each skill, and a separate score is provided for each section. This model assumes that language skills are not strongly correlated, and a test taker may have varying proficiency levels in different skills.
2. Common Underlying Model: In this model, language skills are considered interconnected and interdependent. It assumes that there is a single underlying factor that accounts for the overall language proficiency, covering multiple skills. In this approach, a single test is used to measure the overall language proficiency, rather than assessing each skill separately. The model suggests that there is a common underlying ability that influences performance across different language skills.
The main difference between these two models lies in their view of language proficiency. The separate underlying proficiency model sees language skills as distinct domains that can be measured separately, whereas the common underlying model views language proficiency holistically and suggests that there is a general underlying factor impacting all language skills.
Which model is appropriate to use depends on the purpose of testing and the specific context. The separate underlying model may be more suitable when the focus is on individual skill assessment or diagnosing specific areas of weakness or strength. Conversely, the common underlying model may be preferred when measuring overall language proficiency or when language use is more integrated and needs to be evaluated in a more holistic manner.