Explain the term eutrophication
Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes enriched with nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorous, leading to excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants. These nutrients can enter the water through various sources such as agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, and industrial pollution.
When these nutrients are present in excessive amounts, they stimulate the growth of algae and phytoplankton. This rapid growth is known as an algal bloom, which can cause several negative effects. Algae can block sunlight from reaching other aquatic plants, leading to their death. As a result, the oxygen levels in the water decrease, causing a phenomenon known as hypoxia, which can be lethal for many aquatic organisms.
Furthermore, when the algal bloom eventually dies and decomposes, bacteria and other microorganisms that facilitate decomposition consume oxygen, further depleting the dissolved oxygen levels. This can lead to the death of fish and other organisms that depend on oxygen for survival.
Eutrophication is a natural process that occurs over long periods of time. However, human activities, such as the excessive use of fertilizers in agriculture and the release of untreated sewage and wastewater, can accelerate the eutrophication process. To mitigate eutrophication, various measures are taken, such as better management of agricultural practices, improving wastewater treatment, and reducing industrial pollution.