Haemophiliacs
Haemophiliacs are individuals who have a genetic disorder called hemophilia, which affects their blood's ability to clot. This means that they experience prolonged bleeding, even from minor injuries or cuts. Hemophilia is caused by a deficiency or absence of certain clotting factors in the blood, specifically factors VIII (hemophilia A) or IX (hemophilia B).
There are two main types of hemophilia:
1. Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia): This is the most common type, accounting for about 80% of cases. It is caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII.
2. Hemophilia B (Christmas disease): This type is less common, accounting for about 20% of cases. It is caused by a deficiency of clotting factor IX.
Both types are inherited in an X-linked recessive manner, meaning that the mutated gene is located on the X chromosome. As a result, hemophilia primarily affects males, while females are usually carriers of the gene.
Haemophiliacs may experience spontaneous bleeding into joints, muscles, or other body tissues, which can cause pain, swelling, and mobility issues. They may also have prolonged bleeding following surgeries or dental procedures. Severe cases of hemophilia can result in life-threatening bleeding, particularly in the brain or other internal organs.
Treatment for hemophilia involves replacing the missing clotting factors through infusions of purified factor VIII or IX concentrates. Depending on the severity of the condition, this may be done on a regular basis to prevent bleeding or as needed to address acute bleeding episodes. Other supportive measures, such as physical therapy and pain management, may also be employed to improve quality of life for haemophiliacs.