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A swarm is a dense, rapidly formed cluster of animals. Jellyfish swarms are a naturally occurring, world-wide phenomenon. Scientists believe that jellyfish swarms—even huge ones—have occurred for millions of years and would continue to occur in some locations even without environmental damage from people. For example, scientists have observed dense summer swarms of sea salps—a three-inch long, tube-shaped gelatinous creature—covering up to 38,600 square miles in the North Atlantic. Such swarms are believed to be natural occurrences that are not influenced by human activities. Scientists believe that gelatinous creatures swarm when ecological conditions align to favor their survival. These conditions include the concentration of predators and competitors, food availability, and currents as well as the temperature, salinity, and oxygen content of the water.
Damage from Large Swarms
Natural and unnatural swarms cause various types of problems by:
Discouraging tourism: Summer blooms of stinging jellyfish keep bathers out of the water in prime tourist destinations from Maryland to the Mediterranean. Various species of box jellyfish, which are among the world's most toxic creatures, regularly swarm in tropical waters around the world, including Hawaii and Australia.
Damaging fishing operations: Jellyfish have interfered with fishing operations in world-class fisheries, including the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea and the Bering Sea by:
busting fishing nets;
poisoning and crushing captured fish;
consuming fish eggs and young fish; and
clogging the engines of fishing boats.
Crippling industrial operations: Jellyfish have recently disrupted the operations of marine diamond mining facilities in Namibia, desalination plants in Iran and various large ships around the world by clogging intake pipes carrying sea water.
Jellyfish swarms have also forced a number of nuclear power plants around the world to interrupt output or temporarily shut down. In fact, enough jellyfish to fill 50 trucks clogged the intake pipes of a power plant in the Philippines in 1999, and thereby plunged 40 million people into darkness and started rumors of a coup d'état. (Such freak events prove that jellyfish can be political animals.)
In conclusion, the phenomenon of jellyfish swarming is a natural occurrence that has been happening for millions of years. These swarms occur when ecological conditions align to favor the survival of gelatinous creatures, including jellyfish. However, these swarms, both natural and unnatural, can cause significant damage and disruptions to various industries and activities.
One major consequence of jellyfish swarms is the discouragement of tourism in popular beach destinations. The presence of stinging jellyfish in the water forces bathers to stay out, negatively impacting the tourism industry. Additionally, fishing operations are greatly affected by jellyfish swarms as they can damage nets, harm captured fish, consume fish eggs and young fish, and even clog the engines of fishing boats. This poses a threat to world-class fisheries and the livelihood of fishermen.
Furthermore, jellyfish swarms have caused disruptions to industrial operations such as marine diamond mining facilities, desalination plants, and large ships. The clogging of intake pipes carrying seawater by jellyfish has resulted in temporary shutdowns and interruptions in output. In some extreme cases, jellyfish swarms have even affected nuclear power plants, causing power outages and widespread chaos.
To address these issues, it is crucial for industries and governments to develop strategies and solutions to mitigate the impacts of jellyfish swarming. This could involve the implementation of better monitoring and early warning systems to detect and prepare for swarms, as well as the development of innovative technologies to prevent jellyfish from interfering with fishing operations and industrial facilities. Furthermore, public awareness campaigns about the ecological importance of jellyfish and the need for their conservation can help change negative perceptions and foster cooperation in finding solutions.
In conclusion, while jellyfish swarms are natural occurrences, their effects on tourism, fishing operations, and various industries are significant. Implementing effective strategies and solutions to address these challenges is essential for minimizing the damage caused by jellyfish swarming and ensuring the sustainability of affected industries. By understanding the ecological conditions that lead to swarming and taking proactive measures, we can better manage and coexist with these ancient creatures.