what are Wolves are considered?

removal

keystone species

trophic cascade

apex

Wolves are considered apex predators in many ecosystems. They are often seen as keystone species because their presence and behavior can have far-reaching effects on the ecosystem. Wolves also play a role in trophic cascades, where changes in their populations can impact the abundance of prey species as well as the distribution of plant communities. Additionally, wolves are sometimes subject to removal efforts due to conflicts with humans or to manage populations.